Browser navigation for facilitating data access

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for decoding and rendering or otherwise processing, manipulating, or outputting a variety of digital data is provided. The apparatus may include a browser engine configured to receive first encoded digital data. The apparatus may include a browser extension configured to intercept the first encoded digital data transmitted in response to a first request from the browser engine. The browser extension may be configured to intercept a first decoder written in a platform-independent syntax for decoding at least a portion of the first encoded digital data. The browser extension may be configured to point the browser engine to one or more local storage locations of the first encoded digital data and the first decoder.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application 17/179,891, whichis a divisional of U.S. Application 16/250,525, both entitled BrowserNavigation for Facilitating Data Access. This application also claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/619,092, filed on Jan.18, 2018. The disclosures of all the related applications set forth inthis section are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Digital multimedia and general digital data capabilities can beincorporated into a wide range of devices, including digital televisionsor displays, digital direct broadcast systems, wireless communicationdevices such as radio telephone handsets, wireless broadcast systems,personal handheld or wearable devices, laptop or desktop computers,digital cameras, digital recording devices, video gaming devices, videogame consoles, data servers, and the like. Digital devices implementimage and video encoding and communication techniques or formats such asJPEG, GIF, RAW, TIFF, PBM, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264/MPEG-4, Part 10,Advanced Video Coding (AVC), OBJ, 3DS, and DIMACS to store, transmit andreceive digital images and video efficiently. Digital devices implementaudio encoding techniques or formats such as, AAC, MP3, and WAV tostore, transmit, and receive digital audio efficiently. Digital devicesimplement additional data and graphics encoding techniques or formatssuch as IGES, 3DT, PS, MNG, ODF, HDF5, NetCDF, DWG, DXF, and SVG.Digital devices implement document, spreadsheet, and presentationformats such as PowerPoint, PDF, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, andthe like. Digital devices may further implement proprietary data storageformats for storage of scientific or other data.

Digital data is commonly encoded in a selected format (e.g. the formatsset forth above) prior to transmission or storage. The encodingtypically comprises operations such as compression and/or organizationinto a selected format. Digital data may be embedded in or otherwisereferenced by other digital data. For instance, an image, video, data,or animation encoded in one format may be part of an electronic newsarticle, electronic slideshow, web page, or technical paper that isencoded in a different format. In any case, encoded digital data must beaccessed by an electronic device to be manipulated, processed,displayed, output in a manner useful for human interaction, or otherwiseused by the electronic device or an operator thereof for a desiredfunction. Accessors resident on electronic devices such as mobiledevices, DVD players, Blu-Ray players, TV sets, tablets, laptops,computers, or set top boxes comprise software code configured to “undo”the encoding process, typically using metadata provided by the encodingto extract, decompress, and/or reformat the encoded data so that it isin a format useable by the device and/or software on the device such asan OS, a browser, a word processor, any other application program, etc.For a PC, such accessors can include DivX, Flash, or Adobe Acrobat, forexample. However, a particular electronic device may not have softwarethat supports decoding one or more formats for digital data it receives.For example, the format used for a received dataset may be a legacyformat no longer supported or may be a new format that the receivingdevice does not yet support. This presents challenges to the contentgenerator or archivist who wishes to ensure that the digital data arealways accessible.

Since different access techniques support different formats, thetraditional solutions are to either: encode the digital data in manydifferent formats to support many different decoders; or to select asingle format in which to encode a particular type of data. As examplesof the latter approach, all images may be converted to a JPEG-2000format, or all text documents may be converted to rich text format orPDF format. In both cases, decoding and re-encoding of digital data canlead to loss in quality and content. Transcoding older formats into newformats may require licensing of the new formats.

Furthermore, the former case requires additional storage for the copiesof the data in the various formats, while the latter case relies on asingle accessor always being supported on all platforms. Using a webbrowser running on a mobile device as an example, in the case in whichthe web browser does not support a particular format, such as JPEG-2000,a data user might see a blank spot in the web page where the JPEG-2000image was to be displayed. Current approaches may require a user tomanually download plug-ins for a browser and/or additional packages fora software application in order to access data encoded in each type ofunsupported data format.

It should be noted that this Background is not intended to be an aid indetermining the scope of the claimed subject matter nor be viewed aslimiting the claimed subject matter to implementations that solve any orall of the disadvantages or problems presented above. The discussion ofany technology, documents, or references in this Background sectionshould not be interpreted as an admission that the material described isprior art to any of the subject matter claimed herein.

SUMMARY

In one implementation, an apparatus for decoding data comprises abrowser engine configured to issue requests for network resources hostedon servers using network resource identifiers and to receive networkresources in response to the requests. The apparatus also comprises anda browser extension configured to intercept at least a first requestissued from the browser engine for first encoded data associated with afirst network resource identifier, receive the first encoded data from afirst server, generate and issue a request for at least a first accessorassociated with a second, different network resource identifier based atleast in part on the intercepting and/or receiving, and receive thefirst accessor from a second server. The first accessor comprisesplatform-independent syntax implementing an algorithm configured todecode at least a portion of the first encoded data requested by thebrowser engine.

In another implementation, a system for decoding data comprises browsercode configured for execution on general-purpose processing circuitryand memory circuitry storing a plurality of accessors, wherein at leastsome of the plurality of accessors comprise platform-independent syntaximplementing an algorithm for decoding encoded data. In thisimplementation, the browser code is configured to access the memorycircuitry automatically without user intervention and retrieve one ormore of the plurality of accessors in response to retrieving encodeddata.

In another implementation, a method of decoding digital data formanipulation by and/or output to a user of browser software is provided.The method comprises receiving a user request to obtain a first networkresource comprising first encoded digital data, wherein the firstnetwork resource is associated with a first network resource identifier;using the first network resource identifier to generate and issue arequest to obtain the first encoded data over a network; receiving thefirst encoded data over the network; without further user intervention,using a second different network resource identifier to generate andissue a request to obtain a first accessor over the network, wherein thefirst accessor comprises platform-independent syntax implementing analgorithm configured to decode at least a portion of the first encodeddata; and receiving the first accessor over the network.

In another implementation, a method of decoding digital data formanipulation by and/or output to a user of browser software comprisesreceiving a user request to obtain a first network resource comprisingfirst encoded digital data with a browser engine, wherein the firstnetwork resource is associated with a first network resource identifier.The method further comprises using the first network resource identifierto generate and issue a request to obtain the first encoded data over anetwork with the browser engine. The method further comprisesintercepting the request for the first encoded data, determining anencoding method applied to the first encoded data, and using a seconddifferent network resource identifier to generate and issue a request toobtain a first accessor over the network with a browser extension,wherein the first accessor comprises platform-independent syntaximplementing an algorithm configured to decode at least a portion of thefirst encoded data.

It is understood that various configurations of the subject technologywill become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure,wherein various configurations of the subject technology are shown anddescribed by way of illustration. As will be realized, the subjecttechnology is capable of other and different configurations and itsseveral details are capable of modification in various other respects,all without departing from the scope of the subject technology.Accordingly, the summary, drawings and detailed description are to beregarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments are discussed in detail in conjunction with theFigures described below, with an emphasis on highlighting theadvantageous features. These embodiments are for illustrative purposesonly and any scale that may be illustrated therein does not limit thescope of the technology disclosed. These drawings include the followingfigures, in which like numerals indicate like parts.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a network comprising one or more webbrowsers, a wide area network (WAN), one or more web servers, and aplatform-independent decoder server, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating several structural aspects of adecoding apparatus capable of performing any of the browser navigationand/or flexible decoding methods disclosed herein, according to someembodiments;

FIG. 3A illustrates a flowchart of a method of flexibly decoding andrendering a variety of multi-media data, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 3B illustrates another flowchart of a method of flexibly decodingand rendering a variety of multi-media data, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 3C illustrates yet another flowchart of a method of flexiblydecoding and rendering a variety of multi-media data, in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 4 shows an example of an ISO-BMFF format container (e.g., a BVRcontainer), according to some embodiments;

FIG. 5 shows an example of an ISO-BMFF container (e.g., a BVR container)that includes one or more accessors for data contained within theISO-BMFF container, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 6 shows another example of an ISO-BMFF container (e.g., a BVRcontainer) format, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 7 shows another example of an ISO-BMFF container (e.g., a BVRcontainer) format, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 8 shows another example of an ISO-BMFF container (e.g., a BVRcontainer) format, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 9 shows another example of an ISO-BMFF container (e.g., a BVRcontainer) format, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 10 shows another example of an ISO-BMFF container (e.g., a BVRcontainer) format, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a ZIP format container (e.g., a BVRcontainer), according to some embodiments;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and examples illustrate some exemplaryimplementations, embodiments, and arrangements of the disclosedinvention in detail. Those of skill in the art will recognize that thereare numerous variations and modifications of this invention that areencompassed by its scope. Accordingly, the description of a certainexample embodiment should not be deemed to limit the scope of thepresent invention.

Implementations of the technology described herein are directedgenerally to extracting media from containers and providing mediadecoding capabilities for media files downloaded to and/or stored oncomputing devices. To facilitate an understanding of the variousembodiments described herein, certain terms are defined below.

Definitions

Accessor: Software that can make encoded digital data available fordisplay, interaction, processing, output, or any other desiredfunctional use on an electronic device receiving and/or storing thedata. Generally, a particular implementation of an accessor isconfigured to decode data that is encoded according to a particulardefined compression algorithm/organizational format, or a family ofcompression algorithms/organizational formats. An accessor may also bereferred to as a “decoder” herein. In some cases, in addition to basicdecoding functionality such as decompression, an accessor may alsofunction to extract one or more encoded data files from a container fordecoding. An accessor as set forth herein can also include, in additionto one or more extraction and/or decoding functions, data manipulationor processing functionality that can be applied to digital data decodedby the accessor.

Container: A data file assembled in accordance with a metafile formatdefining how one or more data files and metadata associated with the oneor more data files are organized together as the container data file.Containers can be nested, wherein a first container is packaged as adata file in a second container.

BVR Container: A container including encoded data to be decoded and oneor more accessors configured to decode encoded data, in some cases forsubsequent rendering, processing, presentation, or other manipulation byone or more processing, output or display device(s). As shown furtherbelow, a single BVR container may contain one or more data files or datasets, which may be encoded in one or more different formats, and mayalso include one or more platform-independent accessors configured todecode data that has been encoded in one or more different formats.Examples of some BVR containers that have been developed by BevaraTechnologies, LLC in Watertown MA are provided in FIGS. 3-11 and thecorresponding description below. In the example BVR containers of FIGS.4-10 , the BVR containers use the ISO-BMFF format. In the example ofFIG. 11 , the BVR container uses the ZIP format.

Browser and Web Page: A browser is a computer program that providesfunctionality to a computer for executing syntax contained in web pages.The computer may be connected to a computer network, and the network maybe, and usually will be, the Internet. As used herein, browsers and webpages together provide functionality to a computer connected to anetwork (e.g. the Internet) at least sufficient to request, retrieve,and render at least some network resources including web pagesthemselves, and to execute at least some links contained within orreferred to in retrieved web pages to retrieve other web pages specifiedwith the links. Web pages may include references such as uniformresource locators (URLs) and/or universal resource identifiers (URIs) toother network resources that contain images or other data that isretrieved by the browser from the network or from a cache memory whenexecuting the web page, and may also include programs, libraries, stylesheets, scripts, and the like which are executed in the browserenvironment when executing the web page. Executing some of these itemsmay require prior separate loading of third party software onto thecomputer for the browser to utilize, and some may be executable nativelyby the browser itself. As browsers become more sophisticated, they tendto incorporate more functionality natively that may have been introducedoriginally as third-party code. Any of these items that are accessed,used, and/or retrieved during browser execution of web page syntax areconsidered to be included as a component of the “web page” as that termis used herein. Examples of browsers include, but are not limited to,Internet Explorer and Edge distributed by Microsoft, Firefox distributedby Mozilla, and Chrome distributed by Google. Example web page syntaxthat can be executed by browser engines include the various versions ofHyperText Markup Language (HTML) promulgated by the World Wide WebConsortium (W3C).

Browser Engines and Browser Extensions: Browser engines and browserextensions generally run together as the “browser” on a given computingdevice. There is no strict functional demarcation defining what part ofa browser is engine, and what part is extension. As used herein, theterm browser engine is used to refer to the software code of a browserthat provides basic navigation and syntax execution for a browser asdescribed in the definition of Browser and Web Page set forth above.Software code that provides functionality to a browser beyond thatprovided by such a browser engine may be referred to herein as a browserextension. Browser extensions may perform functions such as displayingand executing toolbar functions on top of retrieved web pages orblocking browser engine retrieval of advertisements that would otherwisebe downloaded in conjunction with web page execution. A browserextension is typically executed within browser allocated memory spaceanytime the browser engine is running on a computing device.Accordingly, a browser extension may be periodically, intermittently, orcontinuously monitoring operations of the browser engine and, in somecases as will be described in more detail below, intercepting one ormore communications from and/or to the browser engine. Browsers such asInternet Explorer and Chrome provide internal functionality allowingthem to interact with browser extension software code distributed bythird parties so long as the third-party code complies with theinterface for browser extensions provided with the browser. However, asused herein, the terms browser engine and browser extension are notdistinguished by how they are developed or distributed. Rather, thebrowser engine is that part of browser code that provides basicnavigation and syntax execution capabilities like http formatcommunication, html page interpretation, script and code execution suchas Java and WebAssembly, whereas the browser extension is that part ofbrowser code that provides additional functionality beyond those basicfunctions.

Browser Plug-In: A browser plug-in is a computer program invoked by thebrowser and run in browser allocated memory specifically in response tothe browser engine reading code that invokes the plug-in. Accordingly, abrowser engine may operate for extended periods of time without invokingand/or loading a plug-in and a plug-in never intercepts communicationsnot addressed to the plug-in. Moreover, plug-ins must be explicitlyloaded and/or enabled by a user of a browser engine in response to thebrowser engine reading code requiring functionality of the plug-in. Forexample, the Adobe Flash plug-in provides functionality to a browserengine for decoding and rendering Flash video files in response to thebrowser engine finding a Flash video MIME type in a web page. Plug-Insare becoming deprecated technology as their functionality isincreasingly incorporated into the native code of browsers themselves.

Server: Software executing on processing hardware coupled to a computernetwork having network resources accessible thereto that is configuredat least in part to respond to client access requests to use or retrievethe network resources accessible to the server. Two or more differentservers may be executing in parallel on a single hardware component suchas a microprocessor or computer. A particular piece of computer hardwarethat is executing server software may also be referred to as a server.

Client: Software executing on processing hardware coupled to a computernetwork configured at least in part to issue requests to servers to useor retrieve network resources accessible to servers. Two or moredifferent clients may be executing in parallel on a single hardwarecomponent such as a microprocessor or computer. Both clients and serversmay be executing in parallel on a single hardware component such as amicroprocessor or computer. A client executing on a processor may issuea request to a server executing on the same processor, which may respondto that client request. A particular piece of computer hardware that isexecuting client software may also be referred to as a client. Aparticular piece of computer hardware may be a client and a server atthe same time.

Internet: The globally interconnected system of computers and computernetworks that evolved from ARPANET and NSFNET over the late 1980 s andearly 1990 s that may utilize TCP/IP network communication protocols.

Network Resource Identifier: A definition of a network resource (e.g. bystorage location and filename) that is used by client computers tospecify a network resource in access requests issued to the network bythe client computers. A network resource identifier may also be referredto as a location of a network resource such as an image or a web page.Currently, when the network is the Internet, Network resourceidentifiers are known as URLs that are formatted in accordance with RFC3986 of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). For the purposes ofthis disclosure, any format for specifying a network resource in clientaccess requests issued to a network is within the definition of the termNetwork Resource Identifier. A network resource identifier, includingURLs as currently defined on the Internet, may further include data inaddition to data identifying the network resource that a server hostingthe network resource associated with the network resource identifier mayuse for other purposes beyond identifying the requested networkresource.

Web Site: A collection of network resources including at least some webpages that share a common network resource identifier portion, such as aset of web pages with URLs sharing a common domain name but differentpathnames.

Web Server: A server that includes functionality for responding torequests issued by browsers to a network, including, for example,requests to receive network resources such as web pages. Currently,browsers and web servers format their requests and responses thereto inaccordance with the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) promulgated bythe IETF and W3C. In some embodiments, a web server may also be acontent server.

World Wide Web: The collection of web pages stored by and accessible tocomputers running browsers connected to the Internet that includereferences to each other with links.

Link: Syntax that instructs a browser executing the syntax to access aresource such as a network resource that is defined directly orindirectly by the syntax. The link syntax and/or internal browser enginefunctionality may also define conditions under which the access requestis made by the browser engine, for example through cursor positionand/or other interaction with an I/O device such as a keyboard or mouse.Some link syntax may cause the browser engine to access the specifiednetwork resource automatically while processing the syntax without userprompt or interaction. Links include HTML hyperlinks. A link may bedirectly coded with, for example, HTML tags and an explicit URL, or maybe in the form of a script or other called function defined in abrowser, in a browser extension, and/or in a webpage.

Network Resource: A web page, file, document, program, service, or otherform of data or instructions which is stored on a network node and whichis accessible for retrieval and/or other use by other network nodes.

Redirection Response: A response that may be provided by a server whenprocessing an access request of a client for a network resource, whereinthe response includes a network resource identifier of a differentnetwork resource that the client should access for the desiredinformation or action. In the HTTP protocol, a redirection response mayalso include a 303 status code, and the client receiving the redirectionresponse may then send a GET or other request for the network resourceidentified by the URL provided in the response.

Navigate: Controlling a browser to use a series of links to access aseries of network resources.

Platform-independent: Software is platform-independent if it is notwritten specifically for execution by a particular operating/file systemand/or a particular physical processing architecture.Platform-independent software generally executes inside another piece ofsoftware such as a browser or virtual machine that is not itselfplatform independent. Examples of platform-independent languages includebut are not limited to Java and WebAssembly and, accordingly,platform-independent algorithms as described herein may comprisealgorithms written in such platform-independent languages.

WebAssembly: A platform-independent programming language developed byW3C which can be executed within some browsers. It is similar to Java inthat browsers can interpret WebAssembly code for execution on theunderlying OS and hardware but WebAssembly is considered more efficientin its utilization of those underlying resources. Modules of WebAssemblycode can run inside JavaScript. WebAssembly modules can be written in ahuman readable text format and compiled into WebAssembly syntax that isexecutable by browser software. Tools are also available that cancompile programs written in other programming languages such as C intoWebAssembly syntax files executable in browsers.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a network comprising user terminals 110, 120comprising respective web browser engines 112, 122, a wide area network(WAN) 170, one or more web servers 140, 150, 160, and aplatform-independent accessor server 130, according to some embodiments.FIG. 2 is a block diagram including several structural aspects of adecoding apparatus capable of performing any of the browser navigationand/or flexible decoding methods disclosed herein, such as user terminal120 of FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. Functionality of severalimplementations of the present disclosure will now be described inconnection with FIGS. 1 and 2 below.

As shown in FIG. 2 , one or more input device(s) 280 may be configuredto generate raw data 281. As a non-limiting example, input device 280may comprise a camera configured to generate one or more raw image orvideo files and a microphone configured to generate one or more rawaudio files. However, the present disclosure is not so limited and inputdevice 280 may be configured to generate any type of raw data, and theraw data 281 can be of any type and generated in any manner. The rawdata 281 is fed into an encoder 282 configured to compress, synchronize,manipulate into one or more container formats, modify for errorresilience, and/or otherwise encode raw data 281 into encoded data 283.In some embodiments, encoder 282 may be intrinsic to input device 280.In some other embodiments, encoder 282 may be separate from input device280. Encoded data 283 may be stored in one or more content or webservers, e.g., servers 140, 150, 160 of FIG. 1 , which may becommunicably coupled or couplable with one or both of user terminals110, 120 via WAN 170, which may be the Internet. Although in thespecific implementation of FIG. 1 , the servers and user terminals areconnected over a WAN, the invention is not so limited, and one or moreservers could be connected in other ways such as over a LAN or even beresident as software on a single physical device. Examples of suchencoded data 283 may comprise image file formats such as JPEG, GIF, TIF,JPEG-2000, video file formats such as H.264 (MP4), Theora, F4V (Flash),VP8, VP9, HEVC or AV1, document or web page file formats such as PDF,HTML, or any other encoded or unencoded file types. In addition, one ormore encoded files may be stored in one or more of servers 140, 150, 160in a BVR container (see FIGS. 4-11 ), which in addition to including theone or more encoded files may further include one or more accessorscomprising platform-independent syntax that implement one or morealgorithms to decode the encoded files in the container. In oneadvantageous embodiment, the platform-independent syntax for theaccessors is written in WebAssembly language. Moreover, althoughparticular file types are illustrated as being stored in servers 140,150, 160, the present disclosure is not so limited and any of servers140, 150, 160 may have stored thereon any file(s), file type(s) orformat(s).

As shown in FIG. 1 , conventional user terminal 110 may be incommunication with at least some of servers 140, 150, 160 via WAN 170and may comprise conventional browser engine 112 in communication withan input/output device 114 configured to display at least a portion of aweb page 115.

To retrieve a network resource, such as web page 115, browser engine 112may send a request for a network resource (e.g. an HTTP Request) to webserver 140 via WAN 170. In response to the request, web server 140generates a response (e.g. an HTTP Response) which is transmitted backto browser engine 112 via WAN 170. The response may include the networkresource, for example web page 115. Browser engine 112 renders web page115 including any content for which it has appropriate decoders. Thismay include a JPEG and a GIF image, for example. For an image for whichbrowser engine 112 doesn’t have a decoder, such as a JPEG-2000 image forexample, browser engine 112 is incapable of decoding and rendering suchan image and may instead render a blank rectangle as a placeholder forthe unrendered and/or undecoded image. Accordingly, conventionalrendering of such an image would further require a user of user terminal110 to explicitly download and instantiate an additional softwareprogram specifically designed to operate on/with browser engine 112 anddecode such JPEG-2000 images, a requirement that would precludeseamless, transparent decoding and rendering of content to a user ofuser terminal 110.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,995,534, U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2015/0334413, and U.S.Pat. App. Pub. No. 2015/0331870, all of which are incorporated byreference herein in their entireties, describe systems and methods forgenerating accessor functionality. Instead of converting digital data toone or more new formats, a platform-independent accessor that can decodethe encoded data may be packaged with the encoded data. This ensuresthat there is no conversion loss and minimal additional storage ortransmission requirements. However, the digital data, associatedmetadata, and accessor may still require significant amounts of storagespace, may require certain rights, or may have evolving features.Accordingly, a content generator or content provider may not wish topackage the full-featured platform-independent accessor with the digitaldata or may wish to provide both packaged and unpackaged versions butstill want data receivers to be able to display or playback all or aportion of data received.

To address this concern, implementations and embodiments describedherein may intercept network resource requests or other messages frombrowser engines and look for data requests that can’t be handlednatively by the browser engine. For example, a browser engine mightrequest an image or data file that it doesn’t have the software todecode. Alternatively, the browser engine might request one or more BVRcontainers and may or may not have native support for accessing datafiles packaged in such containers. Implementations and embodimentsdescribed herein may produce seamless handling of file formats, usingplatform-independent accessors, without a user having to manuallyauthorize, install or instantiate an accessor for every single formatand also without browser engines having to build native support forevery single format. For example, utilizing implementations describedherein, a user of user terminal 120 (FIG. 1 ) may be enabled to accessencoded data for which browser engine 122 does not have native decodingand/or interpreting ability, without being prompted to download and/orinstall additional decoding software, thus providing a seamless browsingexperience both to the user and to browser engine 122.

Described herein are several implementations and sub-options, describedin connection with at least FIGS. 1 and 2 and user terminal 120, basedon whether browser engine 122 requests a BVR container or datacomprising another filetype that is not natively supported by browserengine 122, and based on whether browser engine 122 can support BVRcontainers natively. As will be described in more detail below, thepresent disclosure may include, describe, or utilize software configuredto function in association with browser engines such as, but not limitedto Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer, and Edge.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a digital data processing apparatus (e.g.,user terminal 120 of FIG. 1 ) capable of performing any one or more ofthe browser engine navigation and/or flexible decoding methods disclosedherein, according to some embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates user terminal120 comprising browser engine 122, a browser extension 126, an accessorprocessor 228, a accessor cache 229, an operating system 221, a framebuffer 222 and a display 224. Display 224 may correspond to at least aportion of I/O device 124 of user terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 1 .The operating system 221 may be further coupled to memory 260 and otherI/O devices 262. Browser engine 122 may be in communication withoperating system 221 and may be configured to ultimately provide decodeddata 284 to operating system 221, which may provide decoded data 284 toframe buffer 222, which may provide decoded data 284 to display 224,which may be configured to render a decoded version of data 284 to, forexample, a user of user terminal 120. Rendering may comprise generatingand/or formatting for single- or multi-dimensional audio, visual, and/ortactile interfaces (e.g., I/O device 124). As noted above, the decodeddata may not be all or even any audio or visual data, and accordinglythe decoded data will not necessarily be displayed. In some cases, thedecoded data 284 can be stored in a memory 260 for further manipulationor processing. Browser extension 126 and/or browser engine 122 may beconfigured to communicate with one or more servers (e.g., first contentor web server 140, second content or web server 150, third content orweb server 160 and/or decoder (accessor) server 130), via WAN 170, aswill be described in more detail below.

In some implementations, for example first and second implementationsdescribed below, browser engine 122 is configured to natively supportaccessors provided in BVR containers. For example, for BVR containersthat include accessors written in WebAssembly, browser engine 122 may beconfigured to interpret WebAssembly syntax to instantiate and executethe accessor software.

In some other implementations, for example third and fourthimplementations described below, browser engine 122 is not configured tonatively support accessors provided in BVR containers. For example, forBVR containers that include accessors written in WebAssembly, browserengine 122 may not be configured to interpret WebAssembly syntax, andtherefore may not be able itself to instantiate and execute the accessorsoftware. In these embodiments, an accessor processor 228 may beprovided coupled to or part of browser extension 126 to instantiate oneor more accessors, by executing WebAssembly syntax for example to decodereceived encoded data.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may also be known as, orcomprise, an intercept engine and decision processor. In someembodiments, an accessor cache 229 may be provided coupled to or part ofbrowser extension 126 to store one or more accessors locally withrespect to user terminal 120. These and other embodiments andimplementations will be described in more detail below.

Functionality of user terminal 120 will now be described in connectionwith a first implementation, in which browser engine 122 is configuredto natively execute WebAssembly programs or another platform-independentprogramming language which can be used to write scripts/programs forin-browser execution.

Browser engine 122 generates and transmits a request 271 (e.g., an HTTPrequest) for first encoded data. The first encoded data may comprise atleast one file type that browser engine 122 does not natively supportdecoding of (e.g., Flash, XLS, or JPEG-2000 files). In some embodiments,request 271 is addressed to first content server 140.

Browser extension 126 is in communication with browser engine 122 andmay intercept request 271 from browser engine 122. In response, browserextension 126 may reissue request 271, as request 272 (e.g., an HTTPrequest), to first content server 140 via WAN 170.

First content server 140 may comprise a request parser 242, which maycomprise a general-purpose or special-purpose processor configured toperform one or more tasks, actions or steps as described below regardingserver 140 (using HTTP protocols for example when the WAN is theInternet). Request parser 242 is configured to receive and parse request272. First content server 140 may further comprise a database 244storing the first encoded data associated with a network address. Inresponse to receipt of request 272 from browser extension 126, firstcontent server 140 may transmit the first encoded data in a generatedresponse 273 (e.g., HTTP response) via WAN 170. Browser extension 126may intercept the first encoded data transmitted from first contentserver 140.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may be configured todetermine whether the first encoded data is embedded in a BVR containertogether with at least a first accessor written in a language supportedby the browser engine 122 (e.g. WebAssembly), and if not, whether thefirst encoded data comprises at least one file type with an encodingformat that is unsupported by browser engine 122. This determination cansometimes be made in advance of receiving the encoded first data. Forexample, an HTML document may include embedded MIME types for files tobe retrieved to complete the page rendering process. In other cases, thedata being requested will be of an unknown type until the data isreceived.

In response to a determination that the first encoded data is notembedded in a BVR container with the first accessor and that the firstencoded data comprises at least one file type for which decoding isunsupported by browser engine 122, browser extension 126 may beconfigured to acquire a first accessor comprising a platform-independentprogram for decoding at least a portion of the first encoded data fromplatform-independent accessor server 130. Acquiring the first accessorfrom accessor server 130 may comprise generating and transmitting arequest 274 to accessor server 130 and intercepting all or a portion ofthe first accessor in a response 275 from accessor server 130. Forexample, accessor server 130 may comprise a request parser 232, whichmay comprise a general-purpose or special-purpose processor configuredto perform one or more tasks, actions or steps as described belowregarding accessor server 130. Request parser 232 is configured toreceive and parse request 274. Accessor server 130 may further comprisean accessor database 234 storing the first accessor and, in someembodiments, one or more additional accessors written in aplatform-independent language that when executed (in a browser forexample) will decode encoded data. In some embodiments, the firstaccessor may be embedded within a BVR container transmitted in response275. In some embodiments, upon acquisition of the first accessor,browser extension 126 may store the first accessor in local accessorcache 229.

In some embodiments where the first accessor has already been previouslystored in accessor cache 229, in response to the above determination(s),browser extension 126 may alternatively be configured to acquire thefirst accessor from local accessor cache 229 instead of accessor server130.

The ability to acquire the first decoder from remote decoder server 130via WAN 170 or from local accessor cache 229 when stored therein mayallow for balancing between a required size of accessor cache 229 and anamount of data transmitted via WAN 170. For example, if the firstaccessor is already stored in accessor cache 229, acquiring the firstaccessor from accessor cache 229 rather than from remote accessor server130 may reduce an amount of data transmitted via WAN 170. On the otherhand, local accessor cache 229 may have a set amount of memory and maybe configured to store and retain decoders based on some algorithm, forexample first-in first-out (where, in order to make room to store newaccessors as required, the oldest or first cached accessors are deletedfirst) or a most-used basis (where accessors having been least used in aprior period of time are deleted first, etc.) In such embodiments,acquiring the first accessor from remote accessor server 130 may allowfor maintenance of a smaller amount of memory for accessor cache 229,since accessors can be more readily deleted from local accessor cache229 and reacquired remotely on-demand.

Browser extension 126 may then point browser engine 122 to one or morelocal storage locations of the first encoded data and the first accessorby messaging the browser engine 122 over the browser extension API ofthe browser engine 122 for example, thereby facilitating browser engine122 to subsequently render or otherwise manipulate or process a decodedversion of the first encoded data. For example, browser extension 126may generate a URL or URI addressed to the local storage location(s) ofthe first encoded multi-media data and the first decoder and transmit anotification 278 of the URL or URI to browser engine 122. Browser engine122 then transmits, and browser extension 126 intercepts, a secondrequest 279 (e.g., an HTTP request) for the first encoded multi-mediadata and the first decoder stored at the one or more local locations.Browser extension 126 then grants browser engine 122 access to the firstencoded multi-media data and the first decoder at the one or more localstorage locations. Browser engine 122 then decodes and/or interprets thefirst encoded multi-media data utilizing the first decoder comprisingthe platform-independent algorithm. Browser engine 122 may be configuredto further take advantage of various plug-ins and/or protocols such asHTML5, which may allow browser engine 122 to support at least somedecoders and/or decoder functionalities natively. Browser engine 122then renders a decoded version of the first encoded multi-media datautilizing operating system 221, frame buffer 222 and display 224 of I/Odevice 124, for example, as web page 125 comprising a JPEG image, a GIFimage, and a JPEG-2000 image.

In this first implementation, browser engine 122 is configured tosupport WebAssembly or another similar platform-independent programminglanguage that the accessor is coded in, so browser engine 122 is able toexecute the accessor directly decode first encoded data utilizing theplatform-independent first accessor, even though browser engine 122 doesnot natively support the filetype(s) that the first accessor isconfigured to decode. Moreover, because browser extension 126 acts asintermediary for browser engine 122, the functionality may betransparent to both browser engine 122 and to the user of user terminal120, neither having to perform any function to manually acquire or runthe first accessor. Instead, browser extension 126 transparentlyintercepts, initiates, and routes necessary communications to providebrowser engine 122 access to both the retrieved first encoded data andthe first accessor at a local storage location.

Functionality of user terminal 120 will now be described in connectionwith a second implementation, in which browser engine 122 is configuredto natively support WebAssembly or another similar platform-independentprogramming language, and where the first encoded multi-media data andthe first accessor are both intercepted by browser extension 126embedded in a BVR container.

Browser engine 122 generates and transmits request 271 (e.g., an HTTPrequest) for first encoded data. In some embodiments, request 271 isaddressed to first content server 140. Browser extension 126 is incommunication with browser engine 122 and may intercept request 271. Inresponse, browser extension 126 may reissue request 271, as request 272(e.g., an HTTP request), to first content server 140 via WAN 170.

In response to receipt of request 272 from browser extension 126,reissued in response to request 271 from browser engine 122, firstcontent server 140 may transmit a BVR container, having embedded thereinthe first encoded data and the first accessor, in response 273 (e.g.,HTTP response) via WAN 170. Browser extension 126 may intercept the BVRcontainer, having embedded therein the first encoded data and the firstaccessor, from first content server 140.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may be configured todetermine whether response 273 comprises a BVR container having embeddedtherein the first encoded data and the first accessor. In response to adetermination that response 273 comprises a BVR container, browserextension 126 may unpack one or more encoded data files and accessorsfrom the container to be stored as separate files, and point the browserengine 122 to one or more local storage locations of the first encodeddata and the first accessor, thereby facilitating browser engine 122 tosubsequently render, process, or otherwise manipulate a decoded versionof the first encoded data. For example, browser extension 126 maymessage the browser engine 122 over its browser extension API withinformation about the storage locations of the encoded data and theaccessor(s). Browser engine 122 then decodes the first encoded datautilizing the first platform-independent accessor. Browser engine 122then renders, processes, output, or otherwise manipulates a decodedversion of the first encoded multi-media data. Using web page renderingas an example, the user terminal 120 may display data from the BVRcontainer utilizing operating system 221, frame buffer 222, and display224 of I/O device 124, for example, as some or all of a web page 125comprising a JPEG image, a GIF image, and a JPEG-2000 image.

In this second implementation, as in the first implementation, becausebrowser engine 122 is configured to support WebAssembly or anothersimilar platform-independent programming language, browser engine 122 isable to directly decode first encoded data utilizing theplatform-independent first accessor, even though browser engine 122 doesnot natively support the filetype(s) for which the first accessor isconfigured to decode. Moreover, in this second implementation, becausebrowser extension 126 acts as intermediary for browser engine 122 anddetermines that response 273 includes a BVR container having embeddedtherein the first encoded data and the first accessor for decoding atleast a portion of the first encoded data, no separate acquisition ofthe first accessor is required or performed by the user of the terminal120 or the browser engine 122. Instead, browser extension 126transparently intercepts, initiates, and routes necessary communicationsand then, based on a determination that response 273 already includesboth the first encoded data and the first accessor, provides browserengine 122 access to both at a local storage location.

Functionality of user terminal 120 will now be described in connectionwith a third implementation, in which browser engine 122 is notconfigured to natively support WebAssembly or another similarplatform-independent programming language in which platform independentaccessors that are stored in BVR containers or in accessor server 130are written. In the third implementation, similar to the secondimplementation, the first encoded data and the first accessor are bothintercepted by browser extension 126 embedded in a BVR container.

In this implementation, the browser engine 122 generates and transmitsrequest 271 (e.g., an HTTP request) for first encoded data. In someembodiments, request 271 is addressed to first content server 140.Browser extension 126 is in communication with browser engine 122 andmay intercept request 271. In response, browser extension 126 mayreissue request 271, as request 272 (e.g., an HTTP request), to firstcontent server 140 via WAN 170.

In response to receipt of request 272 from browser extension 126,reissued in response to request 271 from browser engine 122, firstcontent server 140 may transmit a BVR container, having embedded thereinthe first encoded data and the first accessor, in response 273 (e.g.,HTTP response) via WAN 170. Browser extension 126 may intercept the BVRcontainer, having embedded therein the first encoded data and the firstaccessor, from first content server 140.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may be configured todetermine whether response 273 comprises a BVR container having embeddedtherein the first encoded data and the first accessor. In response to adetermination that response 273 comprises a BVR container, browserextension 126 may unpack the data and the accessor from the containerand route at least a portion of response 273, e.g., the first encodeddata and the first accessor, to accessor processor 228. Accessorprocessor 228 is configured to instantiate the first accessor and decodeat least a portion of the first encoded data utilizing the firstaccessor written in a platform-independent syntax. Accessor processor228 may thus comprise a WebAssembly execution engine that may be coupledto or be a part of the browser extension 126. Accessor processor 228 maythen deliver to browser extension 126 a decoded version of the firstencoded data, as shown by the arrow extending from accessor processor228 to browser extension 126. The browser extension 126 may then storethe decoded data in local browser memory space, and may discard theaccessor, or in some implementations as described above, store theaccessor in the accessor cache 229 for later retrieval and/or usewithout requiring re-retrieval from the accessor server 130.

Browser extension 126 may then point browser engine 122 to one or morelocal storage locations of the decoded version of the first encodeddata, thereby facilitating the browser engine 122 to subsequently renderor otherwise process or manipulate a decoded version of the firstencoded data. In some implementations, browser extension 126 may includeweb server like functionality to point the browser engine for decodeddata retrieval. In this case, the browser extension 126 may generate aredirect response that is sent to the browser engine 122 in response tothe original data request 271 from the browser engine 122. This redirectresponse may include a URL or URI generated by the browser extension 126for use by the browser engine in generating a subsequent request that isalso intercepted by the browser extension 126. Thus, browser engine 122may then transmit, and browser extension 126 may intercept, secondrequest 279 (e.g., an HTTP request) for the decoded version of the firstencoded data. Browser extension 126 then delivers the decoded data tobrowser engine 122 as if the browser engine retrieved it over the WAN.Browser engine 122 then renders, processes, or otherwise manipulates thedecoded version of the first encoded data.

In this third implementation, if acting as an intermediary for browserengine 122, browser extension 126 determines that response 273 comprisesa BVR container having embedded therein the first encoded data and thefirst accessor for decoding at least a portion of the first encodeddata. Thus, as in the second implementation, no separate acquisition ofthe first accessor is required or performed. However, unlike the firstand second implementations, browser engine 122 is not configured tosupport WebAssembly or another similar platform-independent programminglanguage for interpreting the accessor syntax and so is not able todirectly decode first encoded data utilizing the platform-independentsyntax of the first accessor. Accordingly, browser extension 126transparently routes the first encoded data and the first accessor todecoder processor 228, which instantiates the first accessor, decodesthe first encoded data utilizing the first accessor, and forwards thedecoded version of the first encoded data to browser extension 126.Browser extension 126 may then point browser engine 122 to the decodedversion of the first encoded data at a local storage location, forsubsequent rendering, processing, manipulation, etc..

Functionality of user terminal 120 will now be described in connectionwith a fourth implementation, in which browser engine 122 is, like thethird implementation, not configured to natively support WebAssembly oranother similar platform-independent programming language which theaccessors are coded in.

Browser engine 122 generates and transmits request 271 (e.g., an HTTPrequest) for first encoded data. The first encoded data may comprise atleast one file type that browser engine 122 does not natively support(e.g., Flash, XLS, or JPEG-2000 files). In some embodiments, request 271is addressed to first content server 140.

Browser extension 126 is in communication with browser engine 122 andmay intercept request 271. In response, browser extension 126 mayreissue request 271, as request 272 (e.g., an HTTP request), to firstcontent server 140 via WAN 170.

In response to receipt of request 272 from browser extension 126,reissued in response to request 271 from browser engine 122, firstcontent server 140 may transmit the first encoded data in response 273(e.g., HTTP response) via WAN 170. Browser extension 126 may interceptthe first encoded data transmitted from first content server 140.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may be configured todetermine whether the first encoded data is embedded in a BVR containertogether with a first accessor comprising platform-independent syntaxfor decoding at least a portion of the first encoded data and, if not,whether the first encoded data comprises at least one file type that isunsupported by browser engine 122, e.g., a file type which browserengine 122 is unable to natively decode. Examples of such BVR containersare described in connection with FIGS. 4-11 below.

In response to a determination that the first encoded data is notembedded in a BVR container with the first accessor and that the firstencoded data comprises at least one file type that is unsupported bybrowser engine 122, browser extension 126 may be configured to acquirethe first accessor comprising a platform-independent syntax for decodingat least a portion of the first encoded data from remote accessor server130. Acquiring the first accessor from accessor server 130 may comprisegenerating and transmitting request 274 to accessor server 130 andintercepting all or a portion of the first accessor in response 275 fromaccessor server 130. In some embodiments, the first accessor may betransmitted in response 275 embedded within a BVR container.

In some embodiments where the first accessor has already been previouslystored in accessor cache 229, in response to the above determination(s),browser extension 126 may alternatively be configured to acquire thefirst accessor from local accessor cache 229.

As previously described in connection with the first implementationabove, the ability to alternatively acquire the first accessor fromremote accessor server 130 via WAN 170 or from local accessor cache 229when stored therein may allow for balancing between a required size ofaccessor cache 229 and an amount of data transmitted via WAN 170.

Browser extension 126 may route at least a portion of response 273,e.g., the first encoded data, and at least a portion of response 275,e.g., the first accessor), to accessor processor 228. Accessor processor228 is configured to instantiate the first accessor and decode at leastthe unsupported filetype of the first encoded data utilizing the firstaccessor comprising the platform-independent syntax. Accessor processor228 then outputs a decoded version of the first encoded data. Thebrowser extension 126 may then point the browser engine 122 to thedecoded data in any manner described for the other embodiments above.

In this fourth implementation, if acting as an intermediary for browserengine 122, browser extension 126 determines that the first encoded dataof response 273 does not comprise a BVR container but does comprise atleast one filetype that browser engine 122 does not natively support.Thus, as in the first implementation, acting as an intermediary forbrowser engine 122, browser extension 126 transparently requests andintercepts the first accessor comprising the platform-independent syntaxfor decoding at least the unsupported filetype of first encoded data.However, unlike the first and second implementations, browser engine 122is not configured to support WebAssembly or another similarplatform-independent programming language and so is not able to directlydecode at least the unsupported file type of first encoded datautilizing the platform-independent algorithm of the first accessor.Accordingly, browser extension 126 transparently routes the firstencoded data and the first accessor to accessor processor 228, whichinstantiates the first accessor, decodes the first encoded datautilizing the first accessor, and forwards the decoded version of thefirst encoded data to browser extension 126. Browser extension 126 thentransparently routes browser engine 122 to the decoded version of thefirst encoded data at a local storage location, for subsequentrendering, processing, or other manipulation.

Potential additional and/or alternative features of the above-describedimplementations will now be described.

In some embodiments, a BVR container intercepted from first contentserver 140 in response 273 (see e.g., second and third implementationsdescribed above) may be a partial-feature BVR container. For example,such a BVR container may comprise the first encoded data and the firstaccessor. However, the first accessor may include a platform-independentprogram for decoding only a portion of the first encoded data, while asecond accessor, including different/additional platform-independentcode for decoding additional features of the first encoded data, that isnot included in the BVR container would need to be acquired before fulldecoding of the first encoded data may be accomplished. Accordingly,browser extension 126 may be configured to determine whether the BVRcontainer is such a partial-feature BVR container (e.g., whether thefirst encoded data comprises at least one feature unsupported by thefirst accessor embedded in the BVR container) and, if so, browserextension 126 may be configured to acquire a second accessor comprisingsecond platform-independent syntax for the at least one additionalfeature not supported by the first accessor in the BVR container.Acquiring the second accessor from accessor server 130 may comprisegenerating and transmitting a request 291 to accessor server 130 andintercepting all or a portion of the second accessor in a response 292from accessor server 130.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 is configured to analyze atleast one of browser permissions and user preferences to generate one orboth of request 274 for the first accessor and request 291 for thesecond accessor as previously described. In some embodiments, browserextension 126 is configured to perform at least one of an integritycheck, data rights management, software rights management, decryption,and virus detection on at least one received response, for example,response 273 (either comprising a BVR container having embedded thereinthe first encoded data and the first accessor or comprising the firstencoded data), response 275 (comprising the first accessor), or response292 (comprising the second accessor).

The systems and methods described herein provide much more flexibilityand convenience with respect to these issues than conventional systems.Much of this flexibility is provided by the fact that the differentplatform-independent accessors available from the database willadvantageously differ not just by what file type they can decode butalso by quality metrics, data manipulation capabilities, and any numberof other parameters. For example, the Chrome browser includes a built-inpdf file accessor. However, this pdf accessor has limited functionality.If the user obtains a pdf file while browsing with Chrome and wants tomanipulate that document in more extensive ways than the Chrome pdf fileaccessor allows, the user must download the pdf file to a localoperating system folder and re-open it with a local Adobe Acrobatprogram that is not platform independent and that had to be separatelyacquired by the user. This local application program has datamanipulation features that are commensurate in scope with the license tothat program purchased by the user when it was acquired. With thebrowser configuration and platform independent accessor server 130described herein, multiple pdf accessors of varying capability can bestored or assembled for delivery by the platform independent accessorserver 130. Furthermore, user rights and preferences with respect todata and its use can be delivered to the browser or browser extension inmany ways, including via log-in credentials, system configurationmonitoring by the browser, or obtained by the browser or browserextension from the content server when the data is retrieved. Thisinformation can be used by the browser to retrieve an accessor from theaccessor server 130 that is not only appropriate for the file typeretrieved from the content server but also for the license permissionsapplicable to the user and any particular user preferences, enterprisepreferences, security preferences, etc. that may be input to orotherwise known to the browser.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may be configured to redirectrequest 272 to a server different from a server to which request 271 isoriginally addressed by browser engine 122. For example, request 271 forfirst encoded data may alternatively be addressed to, and initiallyrequest the first encoded data from, second server 150. However, browserextension 126 may be aware that first server 140 is currently storingthe first encoded data or a BVR container having the first encoded datatherein or may be aware of particular geographical or permission-basedlimitations associated with first server 140 or second server 150. Insuch embodiments, browser extension 126 may intercept first request 271addressed to second server 150 from browser engine 122, and reformatfirst request 271, as request 272 addressed to first content server 140.

In some embodiments, browser extension 126 may be configured to generateand/or replace at least one embedded control within a received BVRcontainer. An effect of such generation and/or replacement may comprisea change in one or more of branding, a look-and-feel, link(s) to othersite(s), ads, metadata or other host content embedded within the BVRcontainer.

Several process flowcharts, corresponding to the above-describedimplementations, are described in more detail in connection with FIGS.3A-3C below. Although particular steps, actions or blocks are describedbelow. The present disclosure is not so limited and one or moreadditional or alternative steps, actions or blocks may also be utilized,one or more steps, actions or blocks may be omitted, or a differentordering may be utilized without departing from the scope of thedisclosure.

FIG. 3A illustrates a flowchart 300 of a method of flexibly decoding andrendering a variety of digital data, in accordance with someembodiments. Flowchart 300 may correspond to operations of browserextension 126 for at least the first and second implementationsdescribed above, wherein browser engine 122 is configured to support BVRcontainers natively (e.g., browser engine 122 is configured to supportWebAssembly or another similar platform-independent programminglanguage).

Flowchart 300 begins at the START block and proceeds to block 302, whichincludes intercepting a first request for first encoded data from abrowser engine. For example, as previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 and 2 , browser engine 122 generates and transmits request 271for first encoded data and browser extension 126 may intercept request271 from browser engine 122.

Flowchart 300 proceeds to either block 304 or block 306, where browserextension 126 either reissues or reroutes the first request to a firstcontent server. For example, as previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 and 2 , if request 271 was originally addressed to first contentserver 140, browser extension 126 may reissue request 271, as request272, to first content server 140 via WAN 170. On the other hand, ifrequest 271 was originally addressed to a particular server (e.g.,second content server 150) and browser extension 126 determines therequest should be sent to a different server (e.g., first content server140), browser extension 126 may reroute request 271, as request 272, tofirst content server 140 via WAN 170.

Flowchart 300 proceeds to block 308, which includes intercepting firstencoded data transmitted in response to the first request from thebrowser engine. For example, as previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 and 2 , first content server 140 may transmit the first encodeddata in response 273 via WAN 170 and browser extension 126 may interceptthe first encoded data transmitted from first content server 140. Inembodiments where browser extension 126 is not configured to interceptrequests from browser engine 122, flowchart 300 may advance from theSTART block directly to block 308.

Flowchart 300 proceeds to block 310, which includes determining whetherfirst encoded data is embedded in a BVR container with a first accessor.For example, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 ,browser extension 126 may be configured to determine whether the firstencoded data is embedded in a BVR container together with a firstaccessor comprising platform-independent syntax for decoding at least aportion of the first encoded data. In response to a determination thatfirst encoded data is embedded in a BVR container, flowchart 300 mayproceed to block 312.

In response to a determination that first encoded data is not embeddedin a BVR container, flowchart 300 may alternatively proceed to block314, which includes determining whether the first encoded data comprisesat least one file type unsupported by the browser engine. For example,as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browserextension 126 may determine whether first encoded data comprises atleast one file type that is unsupported by browser engine 122, e.g., afile type which browser engine 122 is unable to natively decode. Inresponse to a determination that first encoded data does not comprise atleast one file type unsupported by the browser engine, flowchart 300 mayadvance to block 322.

In response to a determination that first encoded data comprises atleast one file type unsupported by the browser engine, flowchart 300 mayadvance to block 316, which includes generating and transmitting arequest for a first accessor comprising platform-independent syntax fordecoding at least a portion of the first encoded data. For example, aspreviously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browserextension 126 may generate and transmit either request 274 to accessorserver 130 or request 276 to local accessor cache 229.

Flowchart 300 advances to block 318, which includes intercepting thefirst accessor. For example, as previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 may intercept all or a portion ofthe first accessor in response 275 from accessor server 130 or inresponse 277 from local accessor cache 229. The operations of blocks 316and 318 may, together, be considered acquiring the first accessorcomprising platform-independent syntax for decoding at least a portionof the first encoded data.

Flowchart 300 advances to block 312, which includes determining whetherthe first encoded data comprises at least one feature unsupported by thefirst accessor. For example, as previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 may determine whether the firstencoded datacomprises at least one feature unsupported by the firstaccessor. In some embodiments, this determination may be carried out ineither condition where the first encoded data is embedded in a BVRcontainer or where the first encoded data is not embedded in a BVRcontainer.

In response to a determination that the first encoded data does notcomprise at least one feature unsupported by the first accessor,flowchart 300 may advance to block 320, which includes pointing thebrowser engine to one or more local storage locations of the firstencoded data and the first accessor. For example, as previouslydescribed in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 mayreroute browser engine 122 to one or more local storage locations of thefirst encoded data and the first accessor, thereby facilitating browserengine 122 to subsequently render or otherwise process or manipulate adecoded version of the first encoded data at block 322.

In response to a determination that the first encoded data comprises atleast one feature unsupported by the first accessor, flowchart 300 mayadvance to block 324, which includes generating and transmitting arequest for a second accessor. For example, as previously described inconnection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 may generate andtransmit request 291 to accessor server 130 or a request similar torequest 276 to local accessor cache 229.

Flowchart 300 proceeds to block 326, which includes intercepting thesecond accessor. For example, as previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 may intercept all or a portion ofthe second accessor in response 292 from accessor server 130 or in aresponse similar to response 277 from local accessor cache 229. Theoperations of blocks 324 and 326 may, together, be considered acquiringa second accessor implementing a second platform-independent syntax forthe at least one additional feature not supported by the first accessor.

Flowchart 300 proceeds to block 328, which includes pointing the browserengine to one or more local storage locations of the first encoded dataand the first and second accessors. For example, as previously describedin connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 may pointbrowser engine 122 to one or more local storage locations of the firstencoded data and the first and second accessors, thereby facilitatingbrowser engine 122 to subsequently render, process, or manipulate adecoded version of the first encoded data at block 322.

At block 322, the browser engine decodes and renders, processes,manipulates, or outputs the decoded version of the first encoded data.For example, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 ,browser engine 122 may as one example, render a decoded version of thefirst encoded data utilizing, for example, one or more of operatingsystem 221, frame buffer 222, and display 224 of I/O device 124, forexample, as web page 125 comprising a JPEG image, a GIF image, and aproperly decoded, interpreted and rendered JPEG-2000 image. Flowchart300 may then advance to END block.

FIG. 3B illustrates another flowchart 350 of a method of flexiblydecoding a variety of digitaldata, in accordance with some embodiments.Flowchart 350 may correspond to operations of browser extension 126 forat least the third and fourth implementations described above, whereinbrowser engine 122 is not configured to support BVR containers natively(e.g., browser engine 122 is not configured to support WebAssembly oranother similar platform-independent programming language) and suchdecoding and/or interpreting of the first encoded data utilizing atleast the first accessor is seamlessly and transparently handled byaccessor processor 228 rather than by browser engine 122.

As can be seen by comparison of FIGS. 3A and 3B, flowchart 350 includessome of the same blocks as flowchart 300. For example, blocks 302, 304,306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 324 and 326 are substantially thesame between flowchart 300 and flowchart 350. Accordingly, theirdescriptions will not be repeated here.

From block 314, in response to a determination by the browser extensionthat the first encoded data does not comprise at least one file typeunsupported by the browser engine (and previously that the first encodeddata was not embedded in a BVR container with the first accessor),flowchart 350 advances to block 340, which includes the browser enginedecoding the first encoded data. For example, if the first encoded datadoes not include any file types or features unsupported by browserengine 122, browser engine 122 may itself decode the data. Flowchart 350would then advance to block 366.

Jumping back to block 312, in response to a determination that the firstencoded data does not comprise at least one feature unsupported by thefirst accessor, flowchart 350 advances to block 330, which includesrerouting the first encoded data and the first accessor to an accessorprocessor configured to instantiate the first accessor and decode thefirst encoded data. For example, as previously described in connectionwith FIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 may reroute at least aportion of response 273, e.g., the first encoded data and the firstaccessor in a BVR container, or of responses 273 and 275, e.g., thefirst encoded data and the first accessor respectively, to accessorprocessor 228. Accessor processor 228 instantiates the first and secondaccessors and decodes at least a portion of the first encoded datautilizing the first platform-independent syntax of the first decoder andthe second platform-independent syntax of the second decoder. Flowchart350 advances to block 338.

Jumping back to block 326 of flowchart 350, where a second accessor isneeded or desired for decoding at least a portion of the first data,upon intercepting the second accessor as previously described forflowchart 300, flowchart 350 advances to block 338, which includesrouting the first encoded data and the first and second accessors to anaccessor processor configure to instantiate the first and secondaccessors and decode the first encoded data. For example, as previouslydescribed in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 mayroute at least a portion of response 273, e.g., the first encoded dataand the first accessor in a BVR container, or of responses 273 and 275,e.g., the first encoded data and the first accessor respectively, and atleast a portion of response 292, e.g., the second accessor, to accessorprocessor 228. Accessor processor 228 instantiates the first and secondaccessors and decodes at least a portion of the first encoded datautilizing the first platform-independent syntax of the first accessorand the second platform-independent syntax of the second decoder.Flowchart 350 advances to block 338.

Block 338 includes intercepting the decoded version of the first encodeddata from the accessor processor. For example, as previously describedin connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , accessor processor 228 transmits, andbrowser extension 126 receives, a decoded version of the first encodeddata, as shown by the arrow extending from accessor processor 228 tobrowser extension 126 in FIG. 2 .

Flowchart 350 advances to block 334, which includes pointing the browserengine to one or more local storage locations of the decoded version ofthe first encoded data. For example, as previously described inconnection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browser extension 126 points browserengine 122 to one or more local storage locations of the decoded versionof the first encoded data, thereby facilitating the browser engine tosubsequently render or otherwise process or manipulate a decoded versionof the first encoded data.

FIG. 3C illustrates another flowchart 380 of a method of flexiblydecoding and rendering a variety of digital data, in accordance withsome embodiments. Flowchart 380 may correspond to operations ofplatform-independent accessor server 130 for at least some of the firstthrough fourth implementations described above.

Flowchart 380 begins at the START block and proceeds to block 382, whichincludes parsing a first request for the first accessor from a browserextension, the first request being a reissued version of a prior requestintercepted from a browser engine for the first encoded data. Forexample, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 ,browser decoder server 130 may comprise a request parser 232, which maycomprise a general-purpose or special-purpose processor configured toreceive and parse request 274.

Flowchart 380 proceeds to block 384, which includes generating a firstresponse configured to route the first accessor to the browserextension. For example, as previously described in connection with FIGS.1 and 2 , the request parser processor of request processor 232 maygenerate response 275 including the first accessor stored in accessordatabase 234.

Flowchart 380 proceeds to block 386, which includes routing the firstresponse comprising the first accessor to the browser extension. Forexample, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 ,accessor server 130 may transmit, and browser extension 126 mayintercept, response 275 including the first accessor. In someembodiments, the first accessor may be transmitted in response 275embedded within a BVR container.

Flowchart 380 proceeds to block 388, which includes parsing a secondrequest for a second accessor from the browser extension, the secondrequest transmitted in response to a determination by the browserextension that the first encoded data comprises at least one featureunsupported by the first accessor and the browser engine. For example,as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , browserextension 126 may determine whether the first encoded data comprises atleast one feature unsupported by the first accessor. In someembodiments, this determination may be carried out in either conditionwhere the first encoded data is embedded in a BVR container or where thefirst encoded data is not embedded in a BVR container. Browser extension126 may generate and transmit request 291 to accessor server 130.Accordingly, request parser 232 may parse request 291 for the secondaccessor from browser extension 126.

Flowchart 380 proceeds to block 390, which includes generating a secondresponse configured to route the second accessor to the browserextension. For example, as previously described in connection with FIGS.1 and 2 , request parser 232 may generate response 292, which includesthe second accessor therein.

Flowchart 380 proceeds to block 392, which includes routing the secondresponse comprising the second accessor to the browser extension. Forexample, as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 ,accessor server 130 may transmit, and browser extension 126 mayintercept, response 292 including the second accessor. In someembodiments, the second accessor may be transmitted in response 292embedded within a BVR container.

Although shown as a single flowchart, accessor server need not carry outblocks 382, 384 and 386 in order to carry out blocks 388, 390 and 392,and vice versa. For example, in implementations where response 273 fromfirst content server 140 comprises a BVR file having embedded thereinboth the first encoded data and the first accessor, platform independentaccessor server 130 need not transmit first accessor in response 275.Similarly, where first accessor is alternatively received from localaccessor cache 229 in response 277, platform independent accessor server130 need not transmit the first accessor in response 275. Likewise, evenwhere blocks 382, 384 and 386 are carried out, a second accessor may notbe needed to decode first encoded data, in which case, blocks 388, 390and 392 need not be carried out. Similarly, where second accessor isneeded or desired and is alternatively received from local accessorcache 229 in a response similar to response 277, platform-independentaccessor server 130 need not transmit the second accessor in response292.

Several examples of BVR containers (e..g, ISO-BMFF containers), asreferred to in this specification, are described in more detail inconnection with FIGS. 4-11 below.

FIG. 4 is a high-level illustration of a proposed ISO-BMFF container401. The general concepts illustrated by FIG. 4 may be selectivelyapplied in any of the example container formats shown below in FIGS.5-10 . The boxes in FIG. 4 show that additional non-traditional track“trak” boxes may be added to the container 401 to support digital datatypes such as, but not limited to, text, rich text documents,presentations, and scientific data. This extends the ISO-BMFF format byproviding for the embedding of multiple types of digital data in acontainer. That is, a container may consist of one or more of theillustrated track boxes.

The container 401 includes a movie (“moov”) box 403 and a media data(“mdat”) box 405. Generally, the ISO-BMFF specification defines a moovbox as a container box whose sub-boxes define metadata for apresentation. The mdat box 405 is defined by the ISO-BMFF specificationas a box that can hold actual media data for a presentation. Theillustrated aspect of FIG. 4 includes a moov box 403 that includes fivetrak boxes 407 a-e. The number of trak boxes within the moov box mayvary in other embodiments. Each track box includes an mdia box 408 a-e.The ISO-BMFF standard traditionally defines a trak box to include asequence of related samples for media data. Each mdia box 408 a-e isdefined by the ISO-BMFF specification to contain media information for atrack. Some of the methods and systems disclosed herein propose to addadditional data to each of the track boxes 407 a-e. In some aspects, theproposed additional data may be included in only a subset of trak boxesincluded in the moov box 403.

The new data included in each of the trak boxes 407 a-e includeschecksum fields 410 a-e, algorithm format fields 412 a-e, and algorithmdata indicator fields 414 a-e. The checksum fields 410 a-e may storehashes or checksums for algorithm defining data stored in the respectivealgorithm fields 414 a-e. In some aspects, the hash or checksum fields410 a-e may indicate checksum values for both the algorithm dataindicated by the respective algorithm field and also forcontent/presentation data for the associated trak, where the content andaccessor algorithm are stored in the mdat box 405.

The algorithm format fields 412 a-e may indicate a minimum version of analgorithm execution engine, such as a java virtual machine for Javabased algorithms, common language runtime for C# algorithms, or otherrun-time interpreter, that is necessary to execute the algorithmindicated in the algorithm fields 414 a-e. In some aspects, thealgorithm format fields 412 a-e may also indicate other dependenciesassociated with algorithms stored in the algorithm fields 414 a-e. Forexample, input or output formats (such as RGB, YUV, etc), input/outputfunctions of the algorithms stored in algorithm fields 414 a-e, and/ordata indicating possible optimizations and/or alternative functionalityof the algorithms indicated in algorithm fields 414 a-e may also bespecified in the algorithm format fields 412 a-e. For example, anaccessor may define several methods for functions. Some of thosefunctions may include platform specific functionality for decoding. Insome aspects, the algorithm format fields 412 a-e may store details ofthe data format being accessed.

In some aspects, the algorithm fields 414 a-e indicate data implementingan algorithm. In some other aspects, the algorithm fields 414 a-eidentify a portion of the mdat box 405 that stores data implementing thealgorithm. For example, the algorithm fields 414 a-e may indicate astarting location of data implementing an algorithm based on an offsetfrom the beginning of the container 401. A length of respectivealgorithm implementing data stored in the mdat box 405 may also beindicated by the algorithm fields 414 a-e.

Note that in some aspects, existing ISO-BMFF boxes, such as the xml boxor the udat box, may contain or point to header, provider-suppliedmetadata, and accessor information. This option may override otherrequired information in the container. This may not promote reusabilityof information between track boxes. Each track box may contain headerinformation such as one or more checksums, e.g., MD5 or SHA, versioninginformation, and the index to the intermediate-format accessoralgorithms.

FIG. 5 shows an example implementation of an ISO-BMFF container. Thecontainer 501 includes one or more accessors for data contained withinthe container. As illustrated in the high level overview provided byFIG. 4 , the ISO-BMFF container 501 includes a movie (moov) box 503 anda media data (mdat) box 505. The moov box 503 includes at least one trakbox 507. The trak box 507 includes a mdia box 508. The mdia box includesa new box, provisionally called a Bevara Resource Indication box or“bvri” box 509. The bvri box 509 may be assigned any unique boxidentifier not already assigned to a known box type. The bvri box 509includes an info entry that identifies an iteminfoentry 527 within aniinf box 523. The bvri box 509 also identifies (via the info entry) aniloc box 525 within a meta box 521 (discussed below).

The mdia box 508 also includes a media information container or minf box511. The minf box includes information identifying a location of content540 in the mdat box 505. For example, the minf box 511 may indicate anoffset from the beginning of the container 501 where the content 540begins, and a length of the content in the mdat box 505. The content 540may include any type of content. For example, the content 540 maycomprise audio and/or video data. In some aspects, the content 540 mayinclude other types of content not traditionally included in an ISO-BMFFcontainer, such as word processing data encoding a document (such as.doc, .docx, .pdf, .rtf files). In some aspects, the content 540 mayencapsulate or include other container formats. For example, content 540may define an ogg container, avi container, f4v or FLV (Flash® video),DivX® media format, any of the Microsoft® Office® document formats, etc.

The container 501 also includes a meta box 521. The meta box 521includes the iinf box 523 and the iloc box 525. The iinf box 523includes the item info entry 527. The item info entry 527 includesinformation about an accessor 535 for the content 540. For example, theitem info entry 527 may include a hash of the content 540, such as achecksum, or other information about content 540.

In some aspects, the content 540 may include uncontained data. In theseaspects, the accessor 535 may implement a decoder/interpreter for theuncontained data. For example, if content 540 contains document data,accessor 535 may implement a word processor for the document data. Ifthe content 540 is video data, the accessor 535 may implement a videodecoder for the video data.

As discussed above, in some other aspects, the content 540 may includedata formatted in one or more container formats. In these aspects, theaccessor 535 may implement an algorithm that can both extract data fromthe container format, and then also access or decode the dataencapsulated or “contained” by that container. For example, if thecontent 540 contains ogg container data that encapsulates avi data, theaccessor 535 may implement both an ogg extractor and an avi decodingalgorithm.

The udat box 560 illustrates that some aspects of an enhanced containermay include metadata 561 associated with content identified by the minfbox 511 in the media box 508 (or in the case of content 640 below,content identified indirectly by box 610 a, via an index and the actuallocation information in box 644 b). In some aspects, the metadata 561may be supplied by a user. The metadata 561 may be in the form of text,XML, or other typed data. Alternatively, or in addition, as shown inFIGS. 9 and 10 below, metadata may itself have associated accessors.

The disclosed methods and systems may encode typed metadata (and XMLwhich is really formatted text) by either including it in a udat bvribox, such as udat bvri box 561, or by pointing to it when the metadatais contained in the mdat box 505. When content or meta-data has anassociated accessor, an additional bvrilnfoEntry may be provided in theudat box as illustrated in FIG. 10 below

The format disclosed in FIG. 5 embeds a platform independent accessor ina container and also embeds the content to be accessed. The format mayoptionally embed metadata related to the content. If the content ismultimedia content such as video, a traditional video player able tointerpret MP4 containers may then parse the extended ISO-BMFF containershown in FIG. 5 , and may ignore boxes 509, 527, 525, 535, and 561. Thistraditional video player will use its own built-in video decoder todecode the content in box 540. Thus, the format shown in FIG. 5 isbackwards compatible to existing players when the content in box 540conforms with the ISO-BMFF specification at the time of filing thepresent application (for example, audio content, image content, videocontent).

FIG. 6 shows another example of a proposed ISO-BMFF container format601. Similar to FIGS. 4 and 5 , the ISO-BMFF container 601 includes amovie (moov) box 603 and a media data (mdat) box 605. The moov box 603includes at least one trak box 607. The trak box 607 includes an mdiabox 608. The mdia box includes a new “bvri” box 609, similar to bvri box509 discussed above. The bvri box 609 may be assigned any unique boxidentifier not already assigned to a known box type.

The bvri box 609 includes two bvri info entries 610 a and 610 b. In someaspects, the two bvri info entries 610 a-b may be an array ofbvrilnfoEntry boxes or an array of info inside one bvrilnfoEntry. Thefirst bvri info entry 610 a identifies an item info entry 634 a. Theitem info entry 634 a is located within an iinf box 632. The iinf box632 is located within a meta box 621. The item info entry 634 a includesinformation relating to accessor data 635. For example, the item infoentry 634 a may include checksum information for the accessor data 635.In some aspects, the item info entry 634 a may include versioninformation for the accessor data 635. For example, the versioninformation may indicate a minimum version of an accessor executionengine that can be used to invoke an algorithm implemented by theaccessor data 635. Accessor data 635 implements one or more algorithmsfor accessing content 640.

The first bvri info entry 610 a also identifies a iloc box 644 a withinthe meta box 621. The iloc box 644 a includes information identifyingaccessor data 635 within the mdat box 605. For example, the iloc box 644a may indicate a starting offset for accessor data 635 relative to thebeginning of the container 601. This starting offset may fall within themdat box 605. The iloc box 644 a may also indicate a length of theaccessor data 635 within the mdat box 605.

The second bvri info entry 610 b identifies an item info entry 634 bstored within the iinf box 632. The item info entry 634 b includesinformation relating to content 640. The second bvri info entry 610 balso identifies a second iloc box 644 b. The second iloc box 644 bidentifies content 640 within mdat box 605. Similar to content 540discussed with respect to FIG. 5 , content 640 may contain media data,for example, video, audio, data encoding a document, data encoding acontainer, or other form of digital data.

Accessor 635 relates to or is associated with content 640 because it isreferenced by the same trak 607 as content 640. A decoder of thecontainer 601 may invoke accessor 635 on content 640 based on theaccessor 635 and the content 640 being indicated by the same trak 607.In the disclosed embodiments, a container may be structured to relateone accessor with multiple content(s) by referencing the one accessorfrom multiple tracks (trak boxes).

The trak box 607 also includes a udat box 660, and a brvi entry 661. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the bvri entry 661 indicates metadatarelating to the content stored in content box 640 and associated withthe trak box 607. In the example of udat box 660, a type of the metadata661 may be text, xml, image, or any type.

Similar to the container 501 of FIG. 5 , the container format 601disclosed in FIG. 6 also embeds a platform-independent accessor in acontainer with the content to be accessed. The container may alsooptionally embed metadata pertaining to content 640. Whereas FIG. 5utilizes the minf box 511 to identify content 540, note that theembodiment of FIG. 6 utilized the iloc box 644 b to identify content640; see boxes 660 and 661 corresponding to boxes 560 and 561 of FIG. 5. Utilization of the minf box provides for fragmenting of content intosamples or access units using stbl boxes as described by the ISO-BMFFspecification. Each sample may have associated metadata (timing andcontent information).

FIG. 7 shows another example of a proposed ISO-BMFF container format701. Similar to FIGS. 4-6 , the ISO-BMFF container 701 includes a movie(moov) box 703 and a media data (mdat) box 705. The moov box 703includes at least one trak box 707. While the trak box 707 is shown asincluding document type content, it should be understood that the formatof the container provided in FIG. 7 can support any content data type.The trak box 707 includes a mdia box 708. The mdia box includes a new“bvri” box 709, similar to bvri boxes 509, and/or 609 discussed above.The bvri box 709 may be assigned any unique box identifier not alreadyassigned to a known box type. The bvri box 709 may include a first bvriinfo entry 710 a that identifies an item info entry 734 a within an iinfbox 732 and an iloc box 744 a, discussed below. The bvri box 709 mayalso include a second bvri info entry 710 b that identifies a seconditem info entry 734 b within the iinf box 732 and a second iloc box 744b.

The mdia box 708 also includes a media information container or minf box711. The minf box 711 includes information identifying a location ofcontent 740 in the mdat box 705. For example, the minf box 711 mayindicate a starting position of the content 740 based on an offset fromthe beginning of the container 701. The minf box 711 may also indicate alength of the content 740 in the mdat box 705. The content 740identified by the minf box 711 may be content corresponding to the trackidentified by the trak box 707. To retain compatibility with decodersthat can access mp4 video, the embodiment of FIG. 7 utilizes standardvideo container structures. For example, in some aspects, content 740may be video content, and is identified via the minf box 711. In someother aspects, content 740 may be document content, audio content, acontainer, image content, or virtually any other digital typed data.

The ISO-BMFF container 701 also includes a meta box 721. The meta box721 includes the iinf box 732 and the iloc boxes 744 a and 744 b. Theiinf box 732 includes an item info entry 734 a. The item info entry 734a includes information relating to accessor 735 a (optionally includingversion and/or hash/checksum information as discussed above). The iinfbox 732 also includes a second item info entry 734 b that includesinformation relating to accessor 735 b.

The meta box 721 also includes an iloc box 744 a. The iloc box 744 aidentifies data in the mdat box 705 implementing an accessor 735 a forcontent 740. For example, the iloc box 744 a may identify accessor 735 avia an offset from the beginning of the container 701 and length withinthe mdat box 705. The meta box 721 also includes an iloc box 744 b. Theiloc box 744 b identifies data in the mdat box 705 defining an accessor735 b for content 740. The embodiment of FIG. 7 shows that more than oneaccessor may be defined for the same content (content 740) when usingvarious aspects of the proposed ISO-BMFF container formats.

The format disclosed in FIG. 7 permits more than oneplatform-independent accessor to be packaged with their associatedcontent. The accessors 735 a-b are related to the content 740 throughthe bvri box 709 within the trak 707. This structure provides a conciseand consistent packaging of the content 740 and the accessors 735 a-b.To process the container format illustrated in FIG. 7 , a decodingdevice (for example, browser engine 122, browser extension 126 ordecoder processor 228) determines by reading the trak 707 andidentifying at least two bvrlnfoEntries 710 a-b and associated content740, that more than one accessor is packaged with the trak 707. In someaspects, the decoder may provide a user with an option of which one ofthe accessors should be executed on the associated content/data. Inother aspects, both accessors 735 a-b may be invoked automatically onthe content 740. The container may also optionally contain embeddedmetadata pertaining to content 740; see boxes 760 and 761 correspondingto boxes 560 and 561 of FIG. 5 .

FIG. 8 shows another example of a proposed ISO-BMFF container format801. Similar to FIGS. 4-7 , the ISO-BMFF container 801 includes a movie(moov) box 803 and a media data (mdat) box 805. The moov box 803includes at least one trak box 807. The trak box 807 includes a mdia box808. The mdia box includes a new “bvri” box 809, similar to bvri boxes509, 609, and/or 709 discussed above. The bvri box 809 may be assignedany unique box identifier not already assigned to a known box type. Thebvri box 809 may include a bvri info entry 810 that identifies an iteminfo entry 834 a within iinf box 832 and an iloc box 844 a, discussedbelow.

The mdia box 808 also includes a media information container or minf box811 a. The minf box 811 a includes information that identifies content840 a. For example, the minf box 811 a may indicate a starting positionof content 840 a based on an offset from the beginning of the container801. The minf box 811 a may also indicate a length of the content 840 a.

The moov box 803 also includes a second trak box 857. The trak box 857includes a second mdia box 858. The second mdia box 858 includes a new“bvri” box 859. The bvri box 859 may also be assigned any unique boxidentifier not already assigned to a known box type. The bvri box 859has the same box identifier as bvri box 809. The bvri box 859 mayinclude a bvri info entry 860 that identifies an item info entry 834 bwithin the iinf box 832. The bvri info entry 860 within the bvri box 859may also identify an iloc box 844 b. The second bvri box 859 alsoincludes a second minf box 811 b.

The ISO-BMFF container 801 also includes a meta box 821. The meta box821 includes the iinf box 832. The iinf box 832 includes the item infoentry 834 a and a second item info entry 834 b. The item info entry 834a may include information relating to accessor 835 a (such as hashand/or version information as discussed previously). The second iteminfo entry 834 b includes information relating to accessor 835 b.

The meta box 821 also includes the iloc box 844 a. The iloc box 844 aidentifies data in the mdat box 805 defining an accessor 835 a forcontent 840 a. For example, the iloc box 844 a may identify an offsetfrom the beginning of the container 801 and length within the mdat box805. The meta box 821 also includes an iloc box 844 b. The iloc box 844b identifies data in the mdat box 805 implementing an accessor 835 b forcontent 840 b. The embodiment of FIG. 8 shows that a single ISO-BMFFcontainer may define multiple tracks, with each track identifying itsown content and at least one accessor for that content. The accessor(s)835 a and 835 b are specific to each track 807 and 857 respectively inFIG. 8 . Note that while FIG. 8 does not show metadata associated witheither content 840 a or 840 b, some aspects of the container 801 mayalso associate metadata with one or both of contents 840 a-b. Forexample, the metadata structures shown in FIG. 9 and/or FIG. 10 may alsobe used with the container 801 in some aspects.

The format disclosed in FIG. 8 permits the packaging of more than onecontent (e.g. 840 a-b) while also packaging platform-independentaccessors 835 a-b for each content 840 a-b. Each accessor is related toits associated content through a bvri box within the trak. This providesa concise and consistent packaging of the multiple contents and theirassociated accessors.

To process the ISO-BMFF format illustrated in FIG. 8 , an ISO-BMFFdecoder 262 may read the moov box 803 and recognize that more than onetrak, e.g. 807 and 857, are present. This indicates that more than onecontent is available and that more than one accessor is packaged. Thedecoding device, depending on configuration, may then either invoke bothaccessors so that they operate on their respective content. In someaspects, the decoding device may provide a user with an option to selectwhich one of the accessors to invoke and use on its associatedcontent/data.

In some aspects, the format of FIG. 8 may encode embedded video(embedded content) in a powerpoint presentation (wrapper content) orembedded data graphics (embedded content) in a scientific document(wrapper content). One aspect of a decoder of the format of FIG. 8 mayenable a user to view/playback the presentation or document (wrappercontent) via a corresponding second accessor until the embeddinglocation is reached. When the playback reaches the location of theembedded content, the decoder may invoke a corresponding first accessorwhich operates on the embedded content. In some aspects, a pointer fromthe first content back to the secondary content trak in the ISO-BMFFcontainer is provided (not shown). In some aspects, a pointer from thefirst track to the second trak may be provided, which provides anindication of where the embedded content and accessor for the embeddedcontent is located.

FIG. 9 shows another example of a proposed ISO-BMFF container format901. Similar to FIGS. 4-8 , the ISO-BMFF container 901 includes a movie(moov) box 903 and a media data (mdat) box 905. The moov box 903includes at least one trak box 907. The trak box 907 includes a mdia box908. The mdia box 908 includes a new “bvri” box 909, similar to bvriboxes 509, 609, 709, and/or 809 discussed above. The bvri box 909 may beassigned any unique box identifier not already assigned to a known boxtype. The bvri box 909 may include a bvri info entry 910 that identifiesan item info entry 934 a within iinf box 932 and an iloc box 944 a,discussed below.

The mdia box 908 also includes a media information container or minf box911. The minf box includes information that identifies content 940 a. Insome aspects, content 940 a may define a document, such as a wordprocessing document (.doc, .txt, .rtf, etc), but may alternativelyinclude any other type of content.

The trak box 907 also includes a user data or udat box 960. The udat box960 includes a metadata bvri box 959 including two bvri info entries 912a and 912 b. The bvri info entry 912 a identifies an item info entry 934b within iinf box 932 and an iloc box 944 b. The bvri info entry 912 bidentifies an item info entry 934 c within iinf box 932 and an iloc box944 c.

The ISO-BMFF container 901 also includes a meta box 921. The meta box921 includes the iinf box 932. The iinf box 932 includes an item infoentry 934 a, a second item info entry 934 b, and a third item info entry934 c. The item info entry 934 a includes information relating toaccessor 935 a. The iinf box 932 also includes a second item info entry934 b that includes information relating to accessor 935 b. The iinf box932 also includes a third item info entry 934 c that includesinformation relating to metadata content 940 b.

The meta box 921 also includes three iloc boxes 944 a-c. The iloc box944 a identifies data in the mdat box 905 defining an accessor 935 a forcontent 940 a. For example, the iloc box 944 a may identify an offsetfrom the beginning of the container 901 identifying a starting positionof accessor 935 a, and a length within the mdat box 905 of accessor 935a. The meta box 921 also includes a iloc box 944 b. The iloc box 944 bidentifies data in the mdat box 905 defining an accessor 935 b forcontent 940 b. The iloc box 944 c identifies data in the mdat box 905defining metadata content 940 b, which may be audio metadata in someaspects, but may alternatively include any other type of content.

The embodiment of FIG. 9 shows that complex metadata (identified by theudat box 960) may include multiple formats of metadata for one content.Metadata may not be limited to text or xml data. For example, audio orgraphics data may be used to annotate content. For example, content 940b may annotate content 940 a in the example of FIG. 9 . Because themetadata identified in the udat box 960 is within the trak box 907, themetadata is associated with content associated with track box 907 (i.e.content 940 a via minf box 911).

The format disclosed in FIG. 9 provides for complex forms of metadatapackaged and associated with particular content. This provides somedegree of “future-proofing” of metadata, in a similar manner that themain content is future proofed, i.e., an expanded ISO-BMFF containercontains information to interpret/decode both the packaged content andthe packaged metadata

When processing the proposed ISO-BMFF format illustrated in FIG. 9 , adecoder 262 may reads the moov box 903 and recognize that the trak 907“contains” (contains or points to) both content and metadata. Byexamining the udat metadata bvri box 959, the decoder can identify thatsome of the metadata is complex, that is, it also requires an accessorabove and beyond the accessor required by the content 940 a. Thedecoder, depending on configuration, may then either invokes bothaccessors such that they operate on their respective contentsimultaneously, or may provide a user with an option ofdisplaying/playing the metadata in addition or, or instead of, the maincontent.

FIG. 10 shows another example of a proposed ISO-BMFF container format1001. Similar to FIGS. 4-9 , the ISO-BMFF container 1001 includes amovie (moov) box 1003 and a media data (mdat) box 1005. The moov box1003 includes at least one trak box 1007 a. The trak box 1007 a includesan mdia box 1008 a. The mdia box 1008 a includes a new “bvri” box 1009a, similar to bvri boxes 509, 609, 709, 809, and/or 909 discussed above.The bvri box 1009 a may be assigned any unique box identifier notalready assigned to a known box type. The bvri box 1009 a may include abvri info entry that identifies an item info entry 1034 a within iinfbox 1032 and an iloc box 1044 a, discussed below.

The mdia box 1008 a also includes a media information container or minfbox 1011 a. The minf box 1011 a includes information that identifiescontent 1040 a. In some aspects, content 1040 a may define a document,such as a word processing document. (.doc, .txt, .rtf, etc), or maydefine any other type of content, for example, spreadsheets,presentations, figures, video, image, and/or audio data.

The trak box 1007 a also includes a user data or udat box 1060. The udatbox 1060 includes a bvri box 1061 including a bvri info entry 1012. Thebvri info entry 1012 identifies a second track box 1007 b.

The second track box 1007 b includes a second mdia box 1008 b. Thesecond mdia box 1008 b includes a second bvri box 1009 b. This secondbvri box 1009 b includes one or more item info entries 1010 b thatidentify a second item info entry 1034 b within iinf box 1032 and asecond iloc box 1044 b. The second mdia box 1008 b also includes asecond minf box 1011 b which includes information identifying metadatacontent 1040 b.

The ISO-BMFF container 1001 also includes a meta box 1021. The meta box1021 includes the iinf box 1032. The iinf box 1032 includes an item infoentry 1034 a, and a second item info entry 1134 b. The item info entry1034 a includes information relating to accessor 1035 a (for example,versioning or hash information as discussed previously). The iinf box1032 also includes a second item info entry 1034 b that includesinformation relating to accessor 1035 b.

The meta box 1021 also includes two iloc boxes 1044 a-b. The iloc box1044 a identifies data in the mdat box 1005 defining an accessor 1035 afor content 1040 a. For example, the iloc box 1044 a may identify anoffset from a beginning of the container 1001 and length within the mdatbox 1005 that includes data implementing an algorithm for accessing thecontent 1040 a. The meta box 1021 also includes the iloc box 1044 b. Theiloc box 1044 b identifies data in the mdat box 1005 defining anaccessor 1035 b for content 1040 b. For example, the iloc box 1044 b mayidentify a starting position for the accessor 1035 b based on offsetfrom a beginning of the container 1001. The iloc box 1044 b may alsoindicate a length of accessor 1035 b.

The embodiment of FIG. 10 shows that complex metadata may identifymultiple formats of metadata for one content 1040 a. Metadata may not belimited to text or xml data. In this example, metadata is shown toinclude an audio annotation (provided by accessor 1035 b operating oncontent 1040 b) in addition to or in place of text/XML metadata(provided by udat box 1060).

The advantages of the format disclosed in FIG. 10 are that complex formsof metadata can be packaged with the associated content. This providessome degree of future proofing of metadata in the same way that the maincontent is future proofed, i.e., that the expanded ISO-BMFF containerholds all the information required to interpret/decode both the packagedcontent and the packaged metadata.

To process an ISO-BMFF format illustrated in FIG. 10 , a decoder, suchas browser engine 122, browser extension 126 or decoder processor 228)may read the moov box 1003 and determine that the trak 1007 a “contains”(contains or points to) both content and metadata. By examining the udatmetadata bvri box, the decoder may determine that some of the metadatais complex, that is, it also requires an accessor above and beyond theaccessor required by the content 1040 a. As opposed to the embodiment inFIG. 9 , the trak structure 1007 a identifies another trak as specificto metadata. This structure additionally provides for recursivemetadata, e.g., the metadata can have its own metadata.

Furthermore, neither the embodiments of FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 are limited toa single non-text metadata. For instance, annotating audio and an authorimage may be included in the metadata. A decoding device, depending onconfiguration, may invoke both accessors such that they operate on theirrespective content, or can provide a user with the option ofdisplaying/playing the metadata in addition or, or instead of, the maincontent.

Note that although distinct examples of container formats are providedin FIGS. 5-10 , it should be understood that various features of each ofFIGS. 5-10 may be combined with other features disclosed in other ofFIGS. 5-10 where appropriate as one of skill in the art may judge. Forexample, the bvrilnfoEntry 610 b iinf/iloc indicator of content may beused in place of the minf indicators within boxes 708, 808, 858, 908,1008 a, and 1008 b. As another example, text or XML metadata may bepackaged with a text or XML accessor, respectively, in the mannerindicated for audio and other non-text content in FIG. 9 . Similarly, abvrilnfoEntry may provide information on the link between several tracks(for instance a document could be stored on several tracks). Inaddition, a bvrilnfoEntry could be used to point to extra information inthe mdat for one particular track.

FIG. 11 illustrates another example BVR container, but this time in theZIP format. The ZIP format may be simpler than the ISO-BMFF formatcontainer described above, but all the same data and metadata describedabove can also be packaged in a ZIP format. The end of a ZIP fileincludes a Central Directory portion that includes a metadata block foreach file in the ZIP file. These metadata blocks may include name, filestart offset, and other information about each file. These blocks aredenoted 1125 a through 1125 d in FIG. 11 , corresponding to files 1120a, 1120 b, 1130 a, and 1130 b. When used as a BVR container, the datafiles may comprise one or more encoded data files and one or moreaccessors similar to the ISO-BMFF format BVR containers. Each file 1120,1130 is introduced by a file header 1105 a, 1105 b, 1105 c, and 1105 d.These headers may include file name and size. The ZIP format also allowsthe use of freely definable metadata fields in these headers, which maybe used to store BVR container metadata such as set forth above withreference to the ISO-BMFF format containers.

General Interpretive Principles for the Present Disclosure

Various aspects of the novel systems, apparatuses, and methods aredescribed more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanyingdrawings. The teachings disclosure may, however, be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to any specificstructure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather,these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to thoseskilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the artshould appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to coverany aspect of the novel systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosedherein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any otheraspect of the disclosure. For example, a system or an apparatus may beimplemented, or a method may be practiced using any one or more of theaspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure isintended to cover such a system, apparatus or method which is practicedusing other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality inaddition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure setforth herein. It should be understood that any aspect disclosed hereinmay be set forth in one or more elements of a claim. Although somebenefits and advantages of the preferred aspects are mentioned, thescope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited to particularbenefits, uses, or objectives. The detailed description and drawings aremerely illustrative of the disclosure rather than limiting, the scope ofthe disclosure being defined by the appended claims and equivalentsthereof.

With respect to the use of plural vs. singular terms herein, thosehaving skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singularand/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the contextand/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may beexpressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

When describing an absolute value of a characteristic or property of athing or act described herein, the terms “substantial,” “substantially,”“essentially,” “approximately,” and/or other terms or phrases of degreemay be used without the specific recitation of a numerical range. Whenapplied to a characteristic or property of a thing or act describedherein, these terms refer to a range of the characteristic or propertythat is consistent with providing a desired function associated withthat characteristic or property.

In those cases where a single numerical value is given for acharacteristic or property, it is intended to be interpreted as at leastcovering deviations of that value within one significant digit of thenumerical value given.

If a numerical value or range of numerical values is provided to definea characteristic or property of a thing or act described herein, whetheror not the value or range is qualified with a term of degree, a specificmethod of measuring the characteristic or property may be defined hereinas well. In the event no specific method of measuring the characteristicor property is defined herein, and there are different generallyaccepted methods of measurement for the characteristic or property, thenthe measurement method should be interpreted as the method ofmeasurement that would most likely be adopted by one of ordinary skillin the art given the description and context of the characteristic orproperty. In the further event there is more than one method ofmeasurement that is equally likely to be adopted by one of ordinaryskill in the art to measure the characteristic or property, the value orrange of values should be interpreted as being met regardless of whichmethod of measurement is chosen.

It will be understood by those within the art that terms used herein,and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appendedclaims) are intended as “open” terms unless specifically indicatedotherwise (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as“including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpretedas “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as“includes but is not limited to,” etc.).

It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specificnumber of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intentwill be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of suchrecitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, evenif a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitlyrecited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitationshould typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number(e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations).

In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A,B, and C” is used, such a construction would include systems that have Aalone, B alone, C alone, A and B together without C, A and C togetherwithout B, B and C together without A, as well as A, B, and C together.It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually anydisjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms,whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood tocontemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either ofthe terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B″ will beunderstood to include A without B, B without A, as well as A and Btogether.”

Various modifications to the implementations described in thisdisclosure can be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, andgeneric principles defined herein can be applied to otherimplementations without departing from the spirit or scope of thisdisclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to theimplementations shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with the claims, the principles and the novel featuresdisclosed herein. The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein tomean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Anyimplementation described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other implementations.

Certain features that are described in this specification in the contextof separate implementations also can be implemented in combination in asingle implementation. Conversely, various features that are describedin the context of a single implementation also can be implemented inmultiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub-combination.Moreover, although features can be described above as acting in certaincombinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more featuresfrom a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from thecombination, and the claimed combination can be directed to asub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.

The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions forachieving the described method. The method steps and/or actions may beinterchanged with one another without departing from the scope of theclaims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions isspecified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may bemodified without departing from the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for decoding data, the systemcomprising: browser code configured for execution on general-purposeprocessing circuitry; memory circuitry storing a plurality of accessors,wherein at least some of the plurality of accessors compriseplatform-independent syntax implementing an algorithm for decodingencoded data; wherein the browser code is configured to access thememory circuitry automatically without user intervention and retrieveone or more of the plurality of accessors in response to retrievingencoded data.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the browser code isconfigured to access at least a portion of the memory circuitry over aWAN or LAN.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of thememory circuitry forms an accessor cache local to the general-purposeprocessor.
 4. The system of any one of claims 1, wherein the browsercode includes an accessor processor configured to decode retrievedencoded data using one or more of the accessors stored in the memory. 5.The system of any of claims 1, wherein the plurality of accessorsincludes accessors that differ by what file formats they decode.
 6. Thesystem of claim 5, wherein the plurality of accessors includes accessorsthat decode the same file formats but differ by their data manipulationcapabilities.